Party leaders are critical actors in parliamentary democracies. In pursuit of the party’s objectives, they possess significant powers related to the day-to-day management of the party organization, formulation of policy preferences, and selection of candidates for public office. Such powers come with constant scrutiny by the party, and there is the risk of replacing them when their performance tarnishes the party’s electoral success. Previous studies on the factors influencing party leaders' survival have focused on stable institutional mechanisms that govern the relationship between the party leader and the party's decision-makers and static long-term indicators of the leader's electoral performance. Nevertheless, party insiders often rely on other, more dynamic indicators to assess a leader's potential success. We propose that opinion polls can serve as one such indicator. Specifically, we suggest that party leaders are more likely to face replacement when their party's performance in public opinion polls is poor. Moreover, we anticipate that intra-party institutions moderate the role of polls. Empirically, we employ event history analysis to test the effect of opinion polling on party leaders’ survival in a sample of over 280 party leaders from 48 political parties in 8 parliamentary democracies since 1950 based on the COSPAL dataset. Our preliminary results confirm that better results in pre-electoral polls increase the chances of leadership survival.