Politics embodies a significant emotional dimension, with citizens engaging with political institutions, parties, leaders, and fellow voters through emotional states. As a substantial body of empirical literature indicates, emotions influence political attitudes across various issues and shape political behaviors such as participation or vote choices. Another body of literature demonstrates that personality traits also predispose citizens toward certain ideologies, opinions, and political conduct. Surprisingly, studies in political science that simultaneously consider both personality characteristics and emotions are relatively rare, leaving numerous unanswered questions regarding how these factors interact to explain significant political attitudes and behaviors. Could some emotional effects documented in the literature actually reflect specific personality traits? Is it possible that personality traits moderate some well-known political implications of emotions? Or do the effects of certain personality characteristics only become activated when specific emotions are experienced? We address this critical gap in the literature by using the POLAT dataset, an ongoing original panel conducted in Spain since 2010. This dataset includes, in some of its waves, questions on the Big Five personality traits as well as on different emotions regarding respondents’ most important issues and the economy (such as anger, fear, or sadness). It also contains a comprehensive range of variables related to respondents’ political attitudes and behaviors.