Religious conflicts emerged as central to political discord during the Second Republic in Spain. Despite their significance, there remains a notable gap in systematic studies focusing on legislative debates. This paper aims to address this gap by employing text analysis techniques to scrutinize debates centered on religious issues during this period. Our objectives include identifying the positions of legislators and parties, examining ideological shifts and radicalization trends, and understanding the structuration of legislative partisan space around religious matters. To accomplish these goals, we use both one and multi-dimensional scaling algorithms (Wordfish, Wordshoal, Correspondence Analysis, and Principal Component Analysis) to estimate latent spatial positions of legislators and political groups. Additionally, we incorporate party (and coalition) labels of legislators to provide a comprehensive understanding of partisan dynamics. This study underscores the importance of cultural issues in understanding polarization dynamics, center and center-right party fragmentation, and the mobilization of conservative factions. By delving into legislative debates, we aim to offer insights that complement existing comparative historical evidence, ultimately enriching our understanding of the intricate interplay between religion and politics during the Second Republic.