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1) The realm of generative AI and Large Language Models (LLMs) is undergoing rapid and continuous evolution, with recent advancements directly impacting the research sector. This progress is being driven by significant advancements made by the Chinese company DeepSeek and the release of Google's Deep Research tool for Gemini in December. In response, two new tools were launched in February 2025 by the other LLM giants going in the same direction. The first is OpenAI’s “deep research” agent for Chat GPT, which promises to “conduct multi-step research on the Internet for complex tasks”. The second is Microsoft's AI co-scientist, a "multi-agent" designed to help scientists generate new hypotheses and research proposals (Media Sources on the IPSAPortal).
2) Founded in 1966, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) is an independent institute specializing in conflict, armaments, arms control, and disarmament. The Stockholm-based organization provides data, analysis, and policy recommendations, collaborating with organizations such as the UN and EU. SIPRI hosts five main databases: the Arms Transfers Database, which tracks major arms transfers since 1950; the Arms Industry, which covers the top 100 arms-producing companies; the Military Expenditure, which records global military spending since 1949; the Multilateral Peace Operations, which details peacekeeping missions since 2000, including personnel, finances, and fatalities; and the ATT-Relevant Cooperation and Assistance Activities, which documents efforts to control arms transfers under international agreements (Research Institutes on the IPSAPortal).
3) Correlates of War (COW) was founded in 1963 by J. David Singer of the University of Michigan with the objective of systematically studying war through empirical data. The project systematically compiles datasets on interstate and extra-systemic wars, national capabilities, alliances, geography, and power dynamics, covering conflicts from the post-Napoleonic era onward. Over the years, COW has expanded its data collection and contributed to empirical studies on war and conflict. Based at Penn State, it continues to provide extensive datasets for scholars analyzing global conflicts and international relations. The Datasets range from the COW War Data, 1816 – 2007, to Militarized Interstate Disputes, from National Material Capabilities to World Religion Data (Thematic Networks on the IPSAPortal).
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