This paper examines the emergence and variation of regional consumer regimes in Spain within a complex system of multi-level governance. While consumer policy is formally structured by European and national frameworks, its implementation is highly decentralized, granting Spain’s Autonomous Communities significant authority to develop their own regulatory approaches, institutional designs, and policy instruments. As a result, diverse regional consumer regimes have evolved, embedded within broader national and European systems. The study aims to identify and classify these regional regimes, focusing on differences in institutional design, regulatory development, and the configuration of public and private actors involved in consumer policy. Building on a political economy perspective inspired by Gunnar Trumbull (2012), the paper analyzes how interactions between state actors, consumer associations, trade unions, and business interests shape distinct regional policy outcomes. Particular attention is given to coalition-building and the timing of institutionalization, exploring how sequences of societal organization and policy development influence regime characteristics. In addition, the paper explores how variations in regional governance affect citizens’ trust in consumer protection. We argue that differences in institutional capacity, policy orientation (enforcement vs. service delivery), and the density of actor networks may shape how consumers perceive the effectiveness and credibility of protection mechanisms. The study also investigates how multi-level governance dynamics—such as coordination mechanisms, policy diffusion, and harmonizing pressures—affect the development and transformation of regional consumer regimes, considering the role of path dependence and administrative traditions. Methodologically, the paper combines original datasets on institutional design and elite profiles with in-depth interviews and document analysis. By linking institutional variation with patterns of trust, the study contributes to a broader understanding of the political economy of consumer policy in decentralized systems.